Membrane contact sites (MCSs)

Mitochondria establish MCSs with many other organelles, including ER, lysosomes, peroxisomes, the plasma membrane, the Golgi, endosomes, and even lipid droplets.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Hitchhiking: Change in the frequency of an allele due to linkage with a selected allele at another locus.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Dollo’s law:  A biological generalization positing that complex characters, once lost in evolution, are extremely unlikely to reappear and thus the loss of complex characters is virtually always irreversible.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Van Valen law - he found a surprising result: rather straight curves, implying that the probability of extinction is roughly constant.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Ockham’s principle - Principle of parsimony 

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

The Forces of Evolution

mutation, 

genetic drift

gene flow or migration

selection.

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#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Emergence of evolutionary thoughts