The efficient formation of disulfide bonds in the lumen of the ER depends on the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is present in all eukaryotic cells

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#Id: 6535

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The binding of ATP to  ATP sensitive K+ channels in the β cells closes the channels, reducing the efflux of K+ ions from the cell. The resulting small depolarization of the plasma membrane

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#Id: 1025

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In mammals, Noggin (antagonist of BMP) is expressed in the notochord and neural folds.

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#Id: 696

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

1. The small fragment (35 kD) possesses a 5’– 3’ exonucleolytic activity, which excises small groups of nucleotides, up to 10 bases at a time.

2. This activity is coordinated with the synthetic/ proofreading activity. 

3. It provides DNA polymerase I with a unique ability to start replication in vitro at a nick in DNA.

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#Id: 8180

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Peroxisomes carry out oxidation reactions leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide.

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#Id: 5004

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

During phytochrome-mediated leaflet closure, the apoplastic pH of the dorsal motor cells (the cells that swell during leaflet closure) decreases, while the apoplastic pH of the ventral motor cells (the cells that shrink during leaflet closure) increases.