CD can be used to estimate the structure of unknown proteins and monitor conformational changes due to temperature, mutations, heat, denaturants or binding interactions

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9038

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The levels of insulin present in the body and the Kd for binding of insulin to its receptor on liver cells,

1.4 × 10−10 M (0.14 nM). The normal concentration of insulin in the blood is  5 × 10−12 M. 

The fraction of insulin receptors with bound insulin, [RL]/[RT], at equilibrium as 0.0344

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9039

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The tighter the binding of a ligand to its receptor,the lower the concentration of ligand needed to achieve binding to 50 percent of the receptors.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9040

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

GPCR function as GEFs for heterotrimeric G protein.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9041

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9042

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Heterotrimeric G proteins directly bind to and are activated by G protein coupled receptors.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9043

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Switching mechanism of monomeric G proteins 

“On” state, switch I and switch II, are bound to the terminal γ phosphate of GTP with the backbone amide groups of conserved T & G.