The 12-bp promoter sequence need not be contiguous. 

If a specific number of base pairs separates two constant shorter sequences, their combined length could be less than 12 bp, because the distance of separation itself provides a part of the signal (usually 16-17 bp)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9225

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Warmer environments have the effect of: Reducing the stomatal aperture to conserve water. The stomatal closure lowers the uptake of atmospheric CO2, thereby decreasing CO2 at the active site of rubisco.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10478

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Loss of p16 mimics overproduction of cyclin Ds

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10448

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Avian leukosis virus (ALV), 

Retroviral DNA is inserted near the MYC gene. overproduction of MYC causes abnormally rapid proliferation of cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 892

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

CCG and CGG are the rarest trinucleotides in most A+T-rich bacterial genomes and CTAG is the rarest tetranucleotide in G+C-rich bacterial genomes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8597

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Septins assemble into nonpolar filaments that form rings and cagelike structures, or recruit and organize the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons.