Sphingosine itself can be phosphorylated to produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) inside cells. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7446

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Adenylate cyclase A (ACA), is responsible for the synthesis of cAMP.

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#Id: 7447

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

For stalk and spore maturation, cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase R (ACR)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7448

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

ACR harbours seven transmembrane domains and is embedded in the nuclear membrane of prestalk cells.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7449

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

For induction of prespore differentiation and control of spore germination cAMP is produced by adenylate cyclase G (ACG)

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#Id: 7450

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

ACG harbours two transmembrane domains & localizes to the membrane of the prespore vesicles.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 7451

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

During spore formation, when the prespore vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, ACG localizes to the spore surface.