The geographic range of a species includes all the areas its members occupy during their life.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3619

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Peptide bond formation takes place through Proton Shuttle reaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3620

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

In Shuttle reaction the 3' oxygen extracts a hydrogen from the 2'-hydroxyl, and the 2' oxygen, in turn, extracts a hydrogen from the amino group attacking the carbonyl.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3622

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mutations that remove the 2'-OH of the A residue at the 3' end of the P-site tRNA result in a 10⁶ -fold reduction in catalysis rates.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3627

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Mitochondria have their own tRNAs, so their code variations do not affectthe much larger cellular genome.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3628

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The genetic code, in effect, is defined by two elements:

(1) the anticodons on tRNAs

(2) the specificity of the enzymes.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3629

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When several codons encode the same amino acid and utilize multiple tRNAs, not all of the codons are used with equal frequency. In a phenomenon called codon bias.