Dispersal is the movement of individuals from one area to another.

Dispersal involves individuals leaving their habitat of origin—where a seed was made or where a squirrel was born—and typically not returning.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The mtDNAs of most multicellular animals are approximately 16-kb circular molecules that encode intron-less genes compactly arranged on both DNA strands.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Vertebrate mtDNAs encode 2 rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, and 13 proteins involved in electron transport and ATP synthesis. 

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

The smallest mitochondrial genomes in Plasmodium, are only about 6 kb, encoding three proteins and the mitochondrial rRNAs.

Arabidopsis thaliana, has 366 kb of mtDNA and cucurbit plants have about 2 Mb of mtDNA.

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Chloramphenicol, blocks protein synthesis by bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes

Cycloheximide, does not affect protein synthesis by mitochondrial ribosomes

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Only 22 tRNAs are required for mitochondrial protein synthesis. The normal codon–anticodon pairing rules are relaxed in mitochondria, so that many tRNA molecules recognize any one of the four nucleotides in the third (wobble) position, allowing four codons to be recognized by a single tRNA.