Erwinia is necrotrophic bacteria that deploy pectic enzymes cause extensive cell death and tissue maceration.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9902

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Pyroptosis A form of regulated programmed cell death associated with inflammation, and often associated with infection with intracellular pathogens. Mediated by inflammasome-activated caspase-1.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9903

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

NOD1 also provides protection against the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma  cruzi,

NOD2 activates responses to some viruses, including influenza.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9904

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) are cytosolic receptors that bind DNA molecules from bacteria and viruses.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9905

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9906

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammation

Tissue response to infection or damage which serves to eliminate

Classic signs of acute inflammation are heat (calore), pain (dolore), redness (rubor), swelling (tumor), and loss of function (functio laesa).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 9907

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Inflammatory response

The response includes both localized and systemic effects, consisting of altered patterns of blood flow, an influx of phagocytic and other immune cells, removal of foreign antigens, and healing of the damaged tissue.