When Psi is fixed at +165º. Clashes occur at all Phi angles except -70º to -170º. This range is in the beta strand region

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5560

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Medullary collecting duct is permeable to urea, and there are special urea transporters that facilitate urea diffusion across the luminal and basolateral membranes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5561

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5562

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The concentrating mechanism depends upon the maintenance of a gradient of increasing osmolality along the medullary pyramids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5563

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

This gradient is produced by the operation of the loops of Henle as countercurrent multipliers and maintained by the operation of the vasa recta as countercurrent

exchangers 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5564

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A countercurrent system is a system in which the inflow runs parallel to, counter to, and in close proximity to the outflow for some distance. This occurs for both the loops of Henle and the vasa recta in the renal medulla

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5565

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A countercurrent system is a system in which the inflow runs parallel to, counter to, and in close proximity to the outflow for some distance. This occurs for both the loops of Henle and the vasa recta in the renal medulla