Microtubules can be stabilized by side-binding microtubule associated proteins (MAPs).

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#Id: 6544

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In GSV, much of the GLUT4 is tethered to the Golgi matrix, a network of coiled-coil proteins surrounding the Golgi complex,  by a TUG protein

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Binding of insulin to the insulin receptor leads to activation of a protease that cleaves the TUG protein, releasing GLUT4-containing vesicles, which move along microtubules

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#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Insulin also activates PKB which phosphorylates the Rab GAP protein AS160

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#Id: 6547

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rab proteins in their active GTP-bound states, allow the GLUT4 storage vesicles to move along microtubules to the cell surface

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#Id: 6548

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Fusion of GSVs with the plasma membrane catalyzed by the exocyst & monomeric GTP-binding protein, RALA

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#Id: 6549

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Plasma membrane GLUT4 allows the cell to incorporate glucose from the ECF