Many bacterial Avr effectors delivered by type III secretion are enzymes such as phosphatases, proteases, phosphoserine lyases, or E3 ubiquitin ligases that attenuate host defense signaling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2467

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Slab gels can develop a “Smiling Effect” When in a gel more Joule heat is produced than can be dissipated, leads to the higher mobility of the ions in the center, resulting in an uneven distribution of the zones, These zones bend up at the two lateral sides, causing “smiling.” 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6489

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A:T base pairs are thus favored because they are more readily distorted to allow the initial opening of the minor groove. There are also extensive interactions between the phosphate backbone and basic residues in the b sheet, adding to the overall binding energy of the interaction.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6809

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2244

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

When a nonfunctioning duplicate is fixed in the population, or a functioning gene becomes nonfunctional, the result is a genetic skeleton called a pseudogene.

Deletions are important in shaping the genome.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8636

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization