During S phase and mitosis, 

Cdh1 is phosphorylated, Cdh1 dissociates from APC/C, and APC/C becomes inactive.

TLS Online TPP Program

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Mitochondrial ATP synthase is an F-type ATPase and also called Complex V.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3327

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthase has two components; F1, a peripheral membrane protein, and Fo, oligomycin sensitive

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3329

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthase stabilizes ATP relative to ADP + Pi by binding ATP more tightly, releasing enough energy to counterbalance the cost of making ATP.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3332

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Careful measurements of the binding constants show that FoF1 binds ATP with very high affinity (K d < 10^-12 M) and ADP with much lower affinity (Kd ≈ 10^-5 M).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3334

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Given step with the highest amount of free energy is a rate limiting step

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3336

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

ATP synthesis kinetics is measured by using Kinetic Isotope Effect (KIE) using radioisotope of oxygen ( O¹⁸ ).