Gluconeogenesis occurs in all animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. The reactions are essentially the same in all tissues and all species.

The important precursors of glucose in animals are three-carbon compounds such as lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol, as well as certain amino acids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8909

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Separase cleaves centromeric cohesin, triggering the onset of anaphase, releasing the sister chromatids

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8910

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Before anaphase Separase is inhibited by the binding of the protein securin and Mitotic CDKs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8911

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8912

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

When all the kinetochores have properly attached to spindle microtubules, APC/CCdc20 directs ubiquitinylation of securin and mitotic cyclins

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8913

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

APC/CCdc²⁰ is inhibited by a checkpoint pathway that ensures that anaphase is not initiated until all chromosomes have achieved proper attachment to the mitotic apparatus.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8914

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Following securin degradation and a decrease in mitotic CDK activity, separase cleaves the Scc1 subunit, breaking the cohesin circles.