A recognition site frequency every 44 (256) bp, 46 (4096) bp and 48 (65 536) bp, if A=T=G=C.

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#Id: 5439

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

During overshoot  

the direction of the electrical gradient for Na+ is reversed because the membrane potential is reversed & this limits Na + influx 

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#Id: 5440

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

During overshoot 

the voltage-gated K+  channels open & contribute to repolarization

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#Id: 5441

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The opening of voltage-gated K+ channels is slower and more prolonged than the opening of the Na + channels, and much of the increase in K + conductance comes after the increase in Na+ conductance

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#Id: 5442

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

voltage-gated K + channels bring the action potential to an end and cause closure of their gates through a negative feedback process

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#Id: 5443

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The net movement of positive charge out of the cell due to K+ efflux at this time helps complete the process of repolarization

Relative refractory period

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#Id: 5444

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The slow return of the K + channels to the closed state also explains the after-hyperpolarization, followed by a return to the resting membrane potential