Most protein-encoding genes, the synonymous rate of change is considerably higher than the nonsynonymous rate because synonymous mutations are tolerated by natural selection

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8279

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Charge–charge (ionic) interactions

These interactions occur between the side chains of oppositely charged residues as well as between the NH3+ and COO− groups at the ends of polypeptide.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 6605

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Three estrogens are present in the plasma of the human female: 

1β-estradiol

 Estrone

Estriol

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1044

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The limb bud is regionalized into 3 functional domains

1. Progress zone

2. Zone of polarizing activity

3. Apical ectodermal ridge

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5903

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The source of this breakage is the incorporation of some uracil into DNA in place of thymine. When the uracil is removed by a repair system, the leading strand has breaks until a thymine is inserted. Thus, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously and the leading strand is synthesized continuously. This is called semidiscontinuous replication.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 2927

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The rate of sedimentation is dependent not only upon the applied centrifugal field, but
also on the nature of the particle, i.e., its density and radius, and also the viscosity of the
surrounding medium. Stokes’ Law describes these relationships for the sedimentation of a
rigid spherical particle: