Hitchhiking

An important consequence of linkage disequilibrium is hitchhiking. This happens when an allele at  one locus spreads by natural selection acting on a second locus that is in linkage disequilibrium with  the first.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3210

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3211

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Three mechanisms can produce oncogenes from the corresponding proto-oncogenes:
Point mutation
Chromosomal translocation
Amplification

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#Id: 3212

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Point mutation (i.e., a change in a single base pair) in a proto-oncogene that results in a hyperactive or constitutively active protein product.

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#Id: 3213

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Id: 3214

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Amplification (i.e., abnormal DNA replication) of a DNA segment including a proto-oncogene, leading to overproduction of the encoded protein.

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#Id: 3216

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Carcinogens

1. Environmental DNA-damaging agents

2.Prevent DNA damage from being repaired with high fidelity