During cell migration, a tensile force is generated which physically distorts the prodomain and frees the active TGF-β dimer, initiating TGF-β signaling.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 781

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Intrinsic terminators—

1. Inverted Repeat on DNA 

2. Dyad Symmetry

3. Forms GC–rich hairpin 

4. Base of hairpin 7 U residues (T residues in the DNA) 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 782

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

1100 sequences in the E. coli genome that fit these criteria, suggesting more than half of the cell’s transcripts are terminated at intrinsic terminators.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 783

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 784

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Misalignment of RNA combined with the unusually weak RNA–DNA hybrid formed from the rU-dA RNA–DNA base pairs resulting from the stretch of U residues, destabilize the elongation complex.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 785

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Termination efficiency can vary from 2% to 90%, Point mutations reduce termination efficiency usually occur within the stem region of the hairpin, replacing GC base pairs with weaker AT base pairs

 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 786

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Readthrough transcripts refer to the fraction of transcripts that are not stopped by the terminator.