Lack the form of sex based on meiosis that is familiar from animals and plants, they exchange genes using a variety of mechanisms that together are called “parasexuality”

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#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Genes whose products are involved in controlling the fidelity of DNA synthesis during either replication or repair may be identified by mutations that have a mutator phenotype called as mut system of repair or MMR

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#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Anammox is anaerobic production of molecular nitrogen from NH4 +and NO2–

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Adenylate cyclase A (ACA), is responsible for the synthesis of cAMP.

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#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

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#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

T2 cells also express BAFF-R, the receptor for the B-cell survival factor BAFF, whose expression is dependent on signals received through the BCR. 

As B cells differentiate from the transitional T2 state to full maturity, they raise their levels of mIgD still further, while reducing the expression of mIgM. They also cease to express CD24 and CD93.