An effector molecule is

made by a pathogen to enhance the pathogen’s colonizing

abilities.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 1383

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Formin protein nucleate the assembly of unbranched filaments, (FH1 and FH2 domains-Actin nucleation by the formin FH2 domain).

Formins are activated by membrane-bound Rho-GTP, a Ras-related small GTPase.

The Arp2/3 Complex Nucleates Branched Filament Assembly.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 5216

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Vitamin K, is a necessary cofactor for the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamic acid residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 560

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

When polymerase binding causes transition to the open complex and initiates transcription. This gives a low level of constitutive expression called the basal level. 

Binding of RNA polymerase is the rate-limiting step in this case.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10335

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 790

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Sequences of Rho dependent transcription termination

1. Rho binds a rut site. 

2. The rho factor then tracks along the RNA until it catches up to RNA polymerase. 

3. When the RNA polymerase reaches the termination site, rho first freezes the structure of the polymerase and then invades the exit channel to destabilize the enzyme, causing it to release the RNA. 

4. Pausing by the polymerase at the site of termination allows time for rho factor to translocate to the hybrid stretch.