Natural selection was Darwin’s brilliant hypothesis, that accounts for adaptations, features that appear “designed” to fit organisms to their environment.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4945

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

The chi-squared test is done to check if there is any difference between the observed value and expected value. The formula for chi-square can be written as

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4449

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Electron microscopy under optimal conditions provides, a resolution of 0.10 nm wavelength.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4450

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Electromagnetic lenses are used to focus a high-velocity electron beam instead of the visible light.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4451

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Transmission electron microscope- examine viruses or the internal ultrastructure in thin sections of cells

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4452

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Thicker sections must be fixed, dehydrated, embedded in plastic, sectioned, and then stained with electron dense heavy metals for TEM.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 4453

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

For TEM two types of staining is done:

Negative staining

Metal shadowing