Activation of the MAP kinase pathway by either the a or the α GPCRs induces transcription of genes that inhibit progression of the cell cycle

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3178

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

When there are mtDNAs with allelic variations in the same cell, called heteroplasmy (either because of inheritance from different parents or because of mutation).

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3179

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Replication of mtDNA may be stochastic because there is no control over which particular copies are replicated, so that in any cycle some mtDNA molecules may replicate more times than others.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3180

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A mitochondrion divides by developing a ring around the organelle that constricts to pinch it into two halves. The mechanism is similar in principle to that involved in bacterial division.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3181

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The apparatus that is used in plant cell mitochondria is similar to that used in bacteria and uses a homolog of the bacterial protein FtsZ. 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3182

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The molecular apparatus is different in animal cell mitochondria and uses the protein dynamin, which is involved in formation of membranous vesicles

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 3183

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The assignment of mitochondria to daughter cells at mitosis also appears to be random. Indeed, it was the observation of somatic variation in plants that first suggested the existence

of genes that could be lost from one of the daughter cells because they were not inherited according to Mendel's laws.