The UVR8- COP1-SPA complex then activates the transcription of the major transcription factor HY5, which controls the expression of many of the genes induced by UV-B.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8281

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

In absence of water the magnitude of the charge–charge interaction is significantly greater.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8282

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Hydrophobic interaction describes the influences that cause nonpolar substances to cluster together to minimize their contacts with water.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8283

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The dissolution of nonpolar molecules in water is unfavourable because of the large decrease in entropy resulting from clathrate formation, even though the process is exothermic (dH < 0) But unfavourable dG > 0.

  

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8284

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

During hydrophobic interaction, the non-polar molecules come together, releasing some of the ordered water molecules in the clathrate structure and thus increasing entropy.

This is a thermodynamically favourable process (dG < 0), even though it is endothermic (dH > 0) because more hydrogen bonds are broken than are made.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 324

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 326

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When blood glucose rises above 5 mM, hexokinase IV activity increases, but hexokinase I is already operating near Vmax and cannot respond to an increase in glucose concentration.