Following statements are regarding to the phosphoinositide pathway.

A. many activated RTKs and cytokine receptors initiate phosphoinositide pathway by recruiting the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) to the membrane.

B. PI-3 kinase adds a phosphate to the 3′ carbon in one of two separate phosphatidylinositol substrates, leading to formation of two phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphates: PI(3,4)P2 or I(3,4,5)P3

C. PI-3 kinase pathway can trigger cell division and prevent apoptosis, thus ensuring cell survival by the activation of PKB.

D. Activated PKB phosphorylates FOXO3a, which induces the expression of several antiapoptotic genes.

Which of the following combination is correct?

#Question id: 11087

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves corresponds to normal blood (red line) and blood containing carbon monoxide (green line)?

#Question id: 11088

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

At a fraternity party a 17-year-old male places a paper bag over his mouth and breathes in and out of the bag. As he continues to breathe into this bag, his rate of breathing continues to increase. Which of the following is responsible for the increased ventilation?

#Question id: 11089

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 45-year-old man inhaled as much air as possible and then expired with a maximum effort until no more air could be expired. This produced the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve shown in the following diagram. What is the forced vital capacity of this man (in liters)?

#Question id: 11090

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

An aviator is flying at 30,000 ft where the barometric pressure is 226 mm Hg. He is breathing 100% oxygen, his alveolar PCO2 is 40 mm Hg, and his alveolar water vapor pressure is 47 mm Hg. What is the alveolar PO2 of the aviator (in mm Hg)? (Assume that the respiratory quotient is equal to 1.)

#Question id: 11091

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A diver is breathing 10% O2 at a pressure of 2000 mm Hg. The diver’s body temperature is 37°C, and PCO2 = 32 mm Hg. What is the alveolar PO2?

#Question id: 11092

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which statement is the most accurate definition of external respiration?