Given are certain facts which define ‘specification’ of a developing embryo.

 A. At the specification stage, commitment to cell identity is labile.

 B. At the specification stage, cell is capable of differentiating autonomously.

 C. The cell “knows” very early what it is to become without interacting with other cells.

 D. A phase where inductive signals trigger cell to determines their fate.

 Which of the above statements best define specification?

#Question id: 19077

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

#Question id: 2412

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Actin-binding proteins that generate actin filament bundles:

#Question id: 13156

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

#Question id: 5144

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following statements regarding to noncanonical wnt pathways.

A. The planar cell polarity, or PCP, pathway functions to regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell shape, and often results in bipolar protrusive behaviors necessary for a cell to migrate.

B. Wnts (such as Wnt5a and Wnt11) can activate Disheveled by binding to a different receptor (Frizzled paired with Ror instead of Lrp5), and this Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled in a way that allows it to interact with Rho GTPases.

C. Wnt/PCP signaling through cytoskeleton control can direct cells to divide in the different plane ( forming upper and lower tissue compartments) and to move within that different plane.

D. the Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and this released calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to activates a phospholipase (PLC) whose enzyme activities release a compound that in turn releases calcium ions from the cytosol.

Which of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 33329

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization