In this problem we will explore some of the many ways that mutations in two different genes can interact to produce different Mendelian ratios. Consider a hypothetical insect species that has red eyes. Imagine mutations in two different unlinked genes that can, in certain combinations, block the formation of red eye pigment yielding mutants with white eyes. In principle, there are two different possible arrangements for two biochemical steps responsible for the formation of red eye pigment. The two genes might act in series such that a mutation in either gene would block the formation of red pigment. Alternatively, the two genes could act in parallel such that mutations in both genes would be required to block the formation of red pigment.

Further complexity arises from the possibility that mutations in either gene that lead to a block in enzymatic activity could be either dominant or recessive. If the crosses is made between a wild type insect with red eyes and a true breeding white eyed strain with mutations in both genes. Such considerations yield the Pathways in series with dominant mutations in both genes, determine the phenotype of the F1 progeny and the expected phenotypic ratio of red to white eyed insects in the F2.

#Question id: 10543

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Effectors are molecules that change the plant’s structure, metabolism, or hormonal regulation to the advantage of the pathogen, which of the following is effector molecules?

#Question id: 10544

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Fusicoccin is a nonspecific toxin from the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali function as,

#Question id: 10545

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Some given facts regarding effector molecules such as;

a) HC-toxin-induced plasma membrane hyperpolarization in guard cells causes massive K+ uptake and permanent stomatal opening

b) Xanthomonas, are proteins that target the plant cell nucleus and causes change in gene expression, called transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors bind to the host plant DNA and activate the expression of genes

c) Fusicoccin, a cyclic peptide, acts on the enzyme histone deacetylase in the nucleus, and may have a compromising effect on the expression of genes involved in defense

d) Gibberellins accelerate growth, resulting in bigger plants when compared with uninfested plants. The gibberellins produced by the fungi are identical to those produced endogenously by the plant

Which of the following combination is incorrect?

#Question id: 10546

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Given below are certain statements regarding plant-pathogen interactions: which one of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 10547

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Which of the following responses are incorrect for closing of stomata?

#Question id: 10548

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

flg22-elicited response is dependent on the presence of the LRR receptor-like kinase, what will be the causes of mutant form of LRR receptor-like kinase FLS2?