Mechano-transduction is the reciprocal interconversion of a mechanical force—or stimulus—and biochemical processes. These interconversions underlie a variety of biological activities, such as signaling, regulated gene expression, cell proliferation, cell migration, and interactions among cells and between cells and the ECM. Mechano-transduction in the context of cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions usually involves a cell-surface CAM or adhesion receptor that transmits mechanical force or biochemical information across the plasma membrane and one or more intracellular or extracellular mechano-sensors that respond to the mechanical stimulus by changing shape and activity. In Hypothetical model of the partial unfolding of a fibronectin type III, when that protein is subjected to mechanical force, following observations are-

A. Mechanical force generated within the cell by actin movement and transduce via multiple integrin adhesion receptors bound to the extracellular dimeric fibronectin can partially unfold the fibronectin.

B. The unfolding is thought to expose a putative, previously hidden binding site on fibronectin that has the potential to form β sheets with other fibronectin molecules, recruiting them to form fibronectin fibrils, and thus helping assemble the ECM.

According to observations which of the following protein act as mechano-sensor and mechano-transducer respectively?

#Question id: 10638

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Following some statement is given

A- Mortality rate constant over age group 

B- Greater proportional survival at older age

C. Follow type III survivorship curve

D. Follow type II survivorship curve

Which of the following above statement is correct?

#Question id: 10639

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The schematic below shows the relationship between survivorship with age (relative to maximum lifespan) in Species 1 (dashed line) and Species 2 (solid line). Which of the following inferences is compatible with this figure?

A) Species 1 follow type I survival ship curve

 B) Species 2 follow type III survival ship curve

 C) Species 1 show parental care of offspring

 D) Species 2 showed large size of offspring than species 1

#Question id: 10640

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Given below is a graphical representation of plant life histories based on Grime's model in which disturbance and competition are the important factors

Which of the following options correctly represents A, B and C, respectively in the figure above?

#Question id: 10641

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The size of the population (N) is estimated as follows, what is parameter of M, S and R respectively? 

#Question id: 10642

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which curve best describes survivorship in a songbirds and marine crustacean that molts respectively?

#Question id: 10643

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02) Estimate the number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1,000 individuals in one year.