Following statements are regarding to cholera toxins which can affect the junction’s activity.

a. Toxins produced by Vibrio cholerae, the enteric bacterium that causes cholera, alter the permeability barrier of the intestinal epithelium by altering the composition or activity of gap junctions.

b. Vibrio cholerae also releases a protease that disrupts tight junctions by degrading the extracellular domain of occludin.

c. Toxin-induced changes in tight-junction permeability (increased paracellular transport) and in protein-mediated ion pumping (decreased transcellular transport) can result in massive losses of internal body ions and water into the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn leads to diarrhea and potentially lethal dehydration.

d. Toxin-induced changes in tight-junction permeability (decreased paracellular transport) and in protein-mediated ion pumping (increased transcellular transport) can result in massive losses of internal body ions and water into the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn leads to diarrhea and potentially lethal dehydration.

Which of the following statements are correct?

#Question id: 3493

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 3494

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following is a disadvantage of group living for many species?

a. Competition between individuals for resources is increased

b. It can reduce predator success

c. It can reduce reproductive success

d. It increased transmission of parasites and other diseases

#Question id: 3495

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

#Question id: 3496

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of following favor adaptations for polygynous mating in species?

a. Male competition

b. Female competition

c. Male choice

d. Female choice

#Question id: 3497

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following is correct statement?

a. Sexual selection should operate more powerfully in polygamous than in monogamous species

b. Polygynous species should have stronger sexual dimorphism than in monogamous species

c. Male competition or male choice favors adaptations to polygynous mating in species

#Question id: 3498

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Assuming 5 offspring of each female, A Female lion with a well-nourished cub gains inclusive fitness by nursing a starving cub of a full sister by 5% loss to herself. What would be value of be benefit in percent (all offspring of recipient female die in case of no nursing)