Match each definition with given terms

1. Large family of structurally related, secreted, dimeric proteins that act as hormones and local mediators to control a wide range of biological functions in all animals.	A. Rho
2. Cell-surface receptor in which the cytoplasmic domain either has enzymatic activity itself or is associated with an intracellular enzyme.	B. TOR pathway
3. A crucial signaling protein in the PI-3-kinase–Akt signaling pathway, so named because it is the target of rapamycin.	C. Enzyme-coupled receptor
4. A kinase that is involved in intracellular signaling pathways activated by cell-surface receptors and that phosphorylates inositol phospholipids at the 3 position of the inositol ring.	D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
5. A group of monomeric GTPases that regulate both the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons.	E. (TGFβ) superfamily
6. Cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase present at cell–matrix junctions in association with the cytoplasmic tails of integrins.	F. Focal Adhesion Kinase

#Question id: 11187

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is greatest at label ________.

#Question id: 11188

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The minimum graded depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels is indicated by the label ________.

#Question id: 11189

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

At label ________, the cell is not hyperpolarized; however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium channels are inactivated or becoming inactivated, and many potassium channels have opened.

#Question id: 11190

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the ________.

#Question id: 11191

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Opening all of the sodium channels on an otherwise typical neuron, with all other ion channels closed (which is an admittedly artificial setting), should move its membrane potential to ________.

#Question id: 11192

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A graded hyperpolarization of a membrane can be induced by ________.