Wild type E. coli metabolizes the sugar lactose by expressing the enzyme ß-galactosidase. You have isolated a mutant that you call lac1–, which cannot synthesize ß-galactosidase and cannot grow on lactose (Lac–). During an condition isolate a mutation that constitutively expresses abnormally high levels of ßgalactosidase, which you designate lacc. Preliminary P1 transduction experiments indicate that lacc  is linked to the Tn5 insertion.  To map lacc  relative to lac1– you set up two reciprocal crosses. In the first cross you grow P1 on a strain that carries the Tn5 insertion and the lac1– mutation. You then use this lysate to infect a lacc mutant and select for Kanr. From 100 Kanr transductants examined, 20 are Lac–, 76 express ß-galactosidase constitutively and 4 show normal ß-galactosidase expression. In the second cross you grow P1 on a strain that carries the Tn5 insertion and the lacc mutation. You then use this lysate to infect a lac1– mutant, and select for Kanr. From 100 Kanr transductants examined, 81 are Lac– and 19  express ß-galactosidase constitutively. So what will be the correct order of  the Tn5 insertion and the lac1– and lacc  mutations. Express any measured distances as cotransduction frequencies.

#Question id: 2578

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Following statements are regarding to proteins which involve actin filament assembly.

A. To nucleate the assembly of branched actin, Arp2/3 needs to be activated by interacting with a nucleation promoting factor (NPF), in addition to associating with the side of a pre-existing actin filament.

B. The NPF WASp is inactive due to an intramolecular interaction that masks the WCA domain.

C. Two NPFs each bind an actin subunit at their WH2 domains, and together, they activate the Arp2/3 complex through its interaction with their connector and acidic domains.

D. The NPF WASp is activated by a coincidence detection mechanism by which intramolecular interaction in WASp is relieved, allowing the W domain to bind actin and the acidic A domain to activate the Arp2/3 complex.

Which of the following statements represents regulation of the Arp2/3 complex by NPF?

#Question id: 13029

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

#Question id: 10418

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

#Question id: 4686

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Bacteriophage λ, has two mode of life cycle;  lytic and lysogenic.  In the lytic growth

a) a single Cro dimer is bound to OR3; this site overlaps PRM and so Cro represses that promoter

b) Repressor bound at OR1 and OR2 blocks RNA polymerase binding at PR, repressing transcription from that promoter

c) PR and PL binds RNA polymerase and directs transcription of lytic genes

d) During lytic, PRM is on while PR (and PL) are off

Find the correct combinations of lytic growth.

#Question id: 7283

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The Drosophila orthodenticle gene and the vertebrate Otx genes are homologous and provide a good example of the conservation of gene function during evolution. Which of the following statement is correct regarding to the expression of gene expression.