Which one of the following is not a PCR based molecular marker?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16119

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Following statements are regarding to Shivering, which is the most potent mechanism for increasing heat production in the body. 

A. Cold environmental temperatures activate centers in the posterior hypothalamus during shivering, which then activate the α and γ motoneurons innervating skeletal muscle. 

B. Shivering involves skeletal muscle contracts rhythmically, generating heat and raising body temperature.

C. Shivering involves stimulation of Na+-K+ ATPase and raising body temperature.

D. Shivering involves stimulation of β receptors in brown fat, which increases metabolic rate and heat production.

Which of the following combination is correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16120

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Following statements are regarding to the regulation of body temperature.

A. The temperature-regulating center is located in the anterior hypothalamus. This center receives information about environmental temperature from thermoreceptors in the skin and about core temperature from thermoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus itself.

B. The temperature-regulating center is located in the posterior hypothalamus. This center receives information about environmental temperature from thermoreceptors in the posterior hypothalamus itself and about core temperature from thermoreceptors in the skin.

C. If core temperature is below the set-point temperature, then heat-generating and heat-retaining mechanisms are activated.

D. If core temperature is above the set-point temperature, then heat-dissipating mechanisms are activated.

E. If core temperature is below the set-point temperature, then heat-dissipating mechanisms are activated.

F. If core temperature is above the set-point temperature, then heat-generating and heat-retaining mechanisms are activated.

Which of the following combination is correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16121

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Match the following mechanisms (Column I) with their correct example (Column II).

Column I	Column II
A. Heat-generating and heat-retaining mechanisms	i. increased metabolic rate (thyroid hormones, sympathetic nervous system)
B. Heat-dissipating mechanisms	ii. vasodilation of blood vessels of the skin (decreased sympathetic tone)
	iii. increased activity of sympathetic cholinergic fibers to sweat glands.
	iv. shivering
	v. vasoconstriction of blood vessels of the skin (increased sympathetic tone)

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16122

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Fever is an abnormal elevation of body temperature. Following statements are regarding to the cellular mechanism of fever.

A. Pyrogens produce fever by increasing the hypothalamic set-point temperature.

B. the mechanism of pyrogen action is increased production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in phagocytic cells.

C. IL-1 then acts on the anterior hypothalamus to increase local production of prostaglandins, which increase the set-point temperature.

D. IL-1 then acts on the posterior hypothalamus to increase local production of prostaglandins, which increase the set-point temperature.

E. IL-1 then acts on the posterior hypothalamus to increase local production of prostaglandins, which decrease the set-point temperature.

Which of the following combination is correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16123

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

How fever can be reduced by aspirin?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16124

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Thermoreceptors are:

a) activated only by severe cold or severe hot

b) located on the superficial layers of the skin

c) a subtype of nociceptors

d) on dendritic endings of A delta fibres and C fibres

which of following combination is correct?