Which feature of cycads distinguishes them from most other gymnosperms? 

1. They have exposed ovules

2. They have flagellated sperm

3. They are pollinated by animals

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41083

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. According to standard agitation dynamics, which of the following statements accurately describes the primary function of a Rushton turbine compared to a marine or hydrofoil impeller?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41084

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Aeration and agitation function synergistically to maximize the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (k_La) while maintaining homogeneous mixing. Consider the following statements regarding their respective roles:

P: Sparging introduces gas into the liquid to supply O2 and strip out metabolic CO2, thereby providing the necessary gas holdup (ε).

Q: Agitation relies on low-shear hydrofoil impellers to decrease the bubble residence time, ensuring rapid gas turnover in high-density cultures.

R: The mechanical action of impellers serves to thin the liquid film resistance (k_L), which facilitates better mass transfer across the gas-liquid interface.

S: The synergistic effect of aeration and agitation is primarily aimed at minimizing the specific interfacial area (a) to prevent foaming.

Which of the following combinations represents the correct statements?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41085

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Consider the following statements regarding the commercial fermentation processes used for vitamin production:

P. The industrial yield of Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin) in fungi such as Ashbya gossypii is significantly enhanced by utilizing lipid-rich media and bypassing purine-related feedback mechanisms.

Q. The production of Vitamin B₁₂ can be achieved using Pseudomonas denitrificans under strict anaerobic conditions or Propionibacterium freudenreichii under aerobic conditions.

R. The modern microbial production of Ascorbic Acid utilizes Ketogulonicigenium vulgare and has largely replaced traditional multi-step synthetic chemical routes.

S. D-Sorbitol and L-Sorbose are crucial intermediates in the purine and pentose phosphate pathways associated with Riboflavin synthesis.

Which of the above statements are correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41086

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. During the modern two-step fermentation process for synthesizing Vitamin C, which critical intermediate is directly subjected to acid catalysis to yield L-Ascorbic acid?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41087

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Consider the following statements regarding the principles and applications of industrial fermentation technologies for enzyme production:

P. Submerged Fermentation (SmF) is currently the primary commercial method for cultivating both bacteria and filamentous fungi, relying on large stirred-tank bioreactors that can exceed 100 m³ in volume.

Q. In Solid-State Fermentation (SSF), the substrates and nutrients must be completely dissolved in a free-flowing liquid broth to closely mimic the natural ecological niche of filamentous fungi.

R. Industrial enzymes produced via these fermentation methods function as biological catalysts by operating under high temperature and extreme pressure conditions to maximize the rate of chemical reactions.

S. SSF processes frequently utilize moist, solid agro-residues such as wheat bran or molasses, operating with low free water availability which is particularly common for the production of fungal enzymes.

Which of the above statements are strictly correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 41088

#Unit 12. Biochemical Engineering

Q. Which of the following microorganisms is primarily utilized for the 11alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone, representing the core step in the commercial manufacturing of cortisone?