NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a large family of cytosolic PRRs activated by intracellular PAMPs, DAMPs, and other harmful substances. The NOD NLRs bind intracellular microbial components such as cell wall fragments. NLRC family are NOD1 and NOD2 recognise?

#Question id: 445

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

In order for a reaction to proceed spontaneously from left to right as written

#Question id: 446

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which statement is false about ATP?

#Question id: 447

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

In glycolysis, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to two products with a standard free-energy change (DG'°) of 23.8 kJ/mol.  Under what conditions encountered in a normal cell will the free-energy change (DG) be negative, enabling the reaction to proceed spontaneously to the right?

#Question id: 448

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

During glycolysis, glucose 1-phosphate is converted to fructose 6-phosphate in two successive reactions: Glucose 1-phosphate -> glucose 6-phosphate DG'° = –7.1 kJ/mol Glucose 6-phosphate -> fructose 6-phosphate DG'° = +1.7 kJ/mol DG'° for the overall reaction is:

#Question id: 449

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The standard free-energy changes for the reactions below are given. Phosphocreatine -> creatine + Pi DG'° = –43.0 kJ/mol ATP ->  ADP + Pi DG'° = –30.5 kJ/mol What is the overall DG'° for the following reaction? Phosphocreatine + ADP -> creatine + ATP

#Question id: 450

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The DG'° values for the two reactions shown below are given.

Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H2O -> citrate + CoASH DG'° = –32.2 kJ/mol

Oxaloacetate + acetate    ->   citrate DG'° = –1.9 kJ/mol

What is the DG'° for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA?

Acetyl-CoA + H2O -> acetate + CoASH + H+