Which of the following steps is required to generate a knockout mouse?

a. microinjection of DNA into the pronucleus of a fertilized mouse egg

b. introduction of DNA into mouse embryonic stem cells

c. selection for cells containing the gene targeted insertion

d. expression of Cre protein during embryonic development

#Question id: 459

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Calculate △G°ʹ for the reaction shown if the mass action ratio, Q, is 5.3 × 102 M-1 and △G is 46 kJ/mol at a temperature of 298 K. (R = 8.315 J/K-mol)

ADP + Pi ⇌ ATP

#Question id: 460

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP has a △G°ʹ of -30 kJ/mol. If in an E. coli cell the concentrations of ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate are 7.90 mM, 1.04 mM and 7.9 mM, respectively, which statement is true about the hydrolysis of ATP in the cell? (Assume a temperature of 298 K. R = 8.315 J/K-mol)

#Question id: 461

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The conversion of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase has a △G°ʹ of -7.6 kJ/mol. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 298 K and a pH of 7. (R = 8.315 J/K-mol)

#Question id: 462

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The formation of acetyl CoA is driven to completion by

#Question id: 463

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Thioesters are similar to oxygen esters of carboxylic acids except that

#Question id: 464

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Calculate the equilibrium constant for an oxidation-reduction reaction involving the transfer of 1 mole of electrons with DE0ʹ= 0.25 V. (R = 8.315 JK-1mol-1, F = 96.48 kJV-1mol-1, T = 298 K)