Which of the best explanation of directional natural selection occur by change in environmental condition?

A. Increase in the frequency of dark-colored mutants in polluted areas, became known as industrial melanism

B. Numerous insect pests become resistant to insecticides and numerous bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.

C. A plant that is too short may not be able to compete with other plants for sunlight. However, extremely tall plants may be more susceptible to wind damage

D- Beetles move into a new environment with patches of light-green moss and dark-green shrubs, both light and dark beetles might be better hidden (and survive better) than medium-green beetles

#Question id: 3482

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which statement below about mating behavior is correct?

A) Some aspects of courtship behavior may have evolved from agonistic interactions.

B) The degree to which evolution affects mating relationships depends on the degree of prenatal and postnatal input the parents are required to make.

C) The mating relationship in most mammals is monogamous, to ensure the reproductive success of the pair.

D) Polygamous relationships most often involve a single male and many females, but in some species this is reversed

#Question id: 3483

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following statements about evolution of behavior is correct?

A) Natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction.

B) An animal may show behavior that maximizes reproductive fitness.

C) If a behavior is less than optimal, it is not completely evolved but will eventually,become optimal.

#Question id: 3484

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Modern behavioral concepts relate the cost of a behavior to its benefit. Under which relationship might a behavior be performed?

A) cost is greater than the benefit

B) cost is less than the benefit

C) cost is equal to the benefit

#Question id: 3485

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Optimal foraging involves all of the following except

A) maximizing energy gained by the forager.

B) minimizing energy expended by the forager.

C) securing essential nutrients for the forager.

D) minimizing the risk of predation on the forager.

E) maximizing the population size of the forager

#Question id: 3486

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following might affect the foraging behavior of an animal in the context of optimal foraging?

A) risk of predation

B) prey size

C) prey defenses

#Question id: 3487

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following is true of innate behaviors?

A) Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors.

B) Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population.

C) Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals.

D) Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions.

E) Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals.