The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs and BACs for cloning genes is that

#Question id: 1135

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following is a direct substrate of MAP kinase?

a. TCF             b. SRF             c. SRE             d. p90RSK      e. CREB

#Question id: 1136

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following signaling pathways can be activated by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases?

a. phospholipase Cγ                b. PI-3 kinase

c. MAP kinase                         d. none of the above

#Question id: 1137

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A loss-of-function mutation in PTEN phosphatase results in

a. increased cell proliferation.            

b. decreased cell proliferation.

c. increased apoptosis.                                   

d. decreased apoptosis.

#Question id: 1138

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A loss-of-function mutation in Wnt would have a phenotype similar to a

a. gain-of-function mutation in GSK-3.                    

b. gain-of-function mutation in β-catenin.

c. loss-of-function mutation in GSK-3.                     

d. loss-of-function mutation in β-catenin.

#Question id: 1139

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In paracrine signaling, the signaling molecule:

#Question id: 1140

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cell sensitivity to an external signal is determined by: