State whether the following statements is true/false regarding DNA replication.

1. Proteins bind to both origin sites and termination sites on DNA during DNA replication.

2. In the Sanger method for DNA sequencing, the gels are read from bottom to top, since the smallest fragments travel farthest in the sequencing gel.

3. DNA polymerase I which is inhibited by dideoxynucleoside triphosphates is used in the Sanger method for DNA sequencing.

4. Sanger DNA sequencing requires inhibition of DNA polymerization by a specific dideoxynucleoside every time it is copied in the replication process.

5. The Klenow fragment can be used for DNA sequencing if proteins such as SSB protein are added.

#Question id: 50

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

The enzyme fumarase catalyzes the reverse hydration of fumaric acid to l-malate, but it will not catalyze the hydration of maleic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid. This is an example of:

#Question id: 51

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

 If the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reaction ATP → ADP + Pi is 2.22 × 10⁵ M, calculate the standard free-energy change, ΔG°, for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi at 25 °C.

#Question id: 52

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Choose the incorrect option regarding Isomerism.

#Question id: 53

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Calculate the number of times the DNA of a modern E. coli cell has been copied accurately since its earliest bacterial precursor cell arose about 3.5 billion years ago. Assume for simplicity that over this time period, E. coli has undergone, on average, one cell division every 12 hours (this is an overestimate for modern bacteria, but probably an underestimate for ancient bacteria).

#Question id: 54

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?

#Question id: 55

#Unit 1. Structure and Function of Biomolecules

The standard free energy change for the reaction A → B is −15.0 kJ · mol−1. What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25°C?