State whether the following statements is true/false regarding DNA replication.

1. A short primer is added to the DNA polymerase reaction mix for Sanger DNA sequencing that has a 5ʹ free hydroxyl to which new nucleotides can be added.

2. In a sequencing gel, all fragment in one of the four lanes terminates in the same type of nucleotide base.

3. Eukaryotic cells contain at least five DNA polymerases all of which are responsible for nuclear DNA replication.

4. Since the rate of form movement in eukaryotes is much slower than that of bacteria, chromosomes require more than an hour to replicate.

5. Although histones and DNA are made in the same parts of the eukaryotic cell, the packaging of them in the nucleosome slows down replication so that it is slower than that of prokaryotes.

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#Question id: 4443

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The alpha subunits of bacterial RNA polymerase is closely related to the eukaryotic polymerases, is homologous to the,

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#Question id: 4444

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The homologous omega subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase in eukaryotic polymerases is,

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#Question id: 4445

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The active site, which is made up of RPB1 and RPB2, from both these subunits, is found at the base of the pincers within a region called the “active center cleft” . The active site works according to the two-metal ion catalytic mechanism for nucleotide addition proposed for all types of polymerase;

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#Question id: 4446

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Transcription start site is designated with the;

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#Question id: 4447

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Sequences in the direction in which transcription proceeds are referred to as __?from the start site, and allotted a? value.

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#Question id: 4448

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Three defined steps in a transcription cycle; choose correct one

1a. Closed complex	In this form, the DNA remains double-stranded, and the enzyme is bound to one face of the helix. I
1b. Open complex	In which the DNA strands separate over a distance of 13 bp around the start site to form the transcription bubble. In the next stage of initiation,
2. Promoter escape	Incorporation of the first 10 or so ribonucleotides is a rather inefficient process, and at that stage, the enzyme often releases short transcripts and then begins synthesis again
3. Initial transcribing complex.	Once an enzyme makes a transcript longer than 10 nucleotides, it is said to have