In chickens, comb shape is determined by alleles at two loci (R, r and P, p). A walnut comb is produced when at least one dominant allele R is present at one locus and at least one dominant allele P is present at a second locus (genotype R_ P_). A rose comb is produced when at least one dominant allele is present at the first locus and two recessive alleles are present at the second locus (genotype R_pp). A pea comb is produced when two recessive alleles are present at the first locus and at least one dominant allele is present at the second (genotype rrP_). If two recessive alleles are present at the first and at the second locus (rrpp), a single comb is produced. Which of the following cross would produce ½ walnut and ½ pea comb ?

#Question id: 3480

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following statements about learning and behavior is correct?

A) Operant conditioning involves associating a behavior with a reward or punishment.

B) Associative learning involves linking one stimulus with another.

C) Behavior can be modified by learning, but some apparent learning is due to maturation.

D) Imprinting is a learned behavior with an innate component acquired during a sensitive period.

#Question id: 3481

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ in that

A) classical conditioning takes longer.

B) operant conditioning usually involves more intelligence.

C) operant conditioning involves consequences for the animalʹs behavior.

D) classical conditioning is restricted to mammals and birds.

#Question id: 3482

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which statement below about mating behavior is correct?

A) Some aspects of courtship behavior may have evolved from agonistic interactions.

B) The degree to which evolution affects mating relationships depends on the degree of prenatal and postnatal input the parents are required to make.

C) The mating relationship in most mammals is monogamous, to ensure the reproductive success of the pair.

D) Polygamous relationships most often involve a single male and many females, but in some species this is reversed

#Question id: 3483

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following statements about evolution of behavior is correct?

A) Natural selection will favor behavior that enhances survival and reproduction.

B) An animal may show behavior that maximizes reproductive fitness.

C) If a behavior is less than optimal, it is not completely evolved but will eventually,become optimal.

#Question id: 3484

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Modern behavioral concepts relate the cost of a behavior to its benefit. Under which relationship might a behavior be performed?

A) cost is greater than the benefit

B) cost is less than the benefit

C) cost is equal to the benefit

#Question id: 3485

#Unit 9. Evolution & Diversity of Life Forms

Optimal foraging involves all of the following except

A) maximizing energy gained by the forager.

B) minimizing energy expended by the forager.

C) securing essential nutrients for the forager.

D) minimizing the risk of predation on the forager.

E) maximizing the population size of the forager