Which of the factors below weaken the hypothesis of abiotic synthesis of organic monomers in early Earthʹs atmosphere?

1.  the relatively short time between intense meteor bombardment and appearance of the first life forms

2.  the lack of experimental evidence that organic monomers can form by abiotic synthesis

3.  Uncertainty about which gases comprised early Earthʹs atmosphere

#Question id: 1122

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In endocrine signaling, the signaling molecule.

#Question id: 1123

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Epinephrine can be what kind of signaling molecule?

a. autocrine      b. direct contact  c. endocrine d. paracrine

#Question id: 1124

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following is (are) intracellular second messengers?

a. Ca2+                        b. cAMP          c. epinephrine             

d. protein kinase A      e. protein kinase C

#Question id: 1125

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Examples of G protein–coupled receptors include

a. rhodopsin receptor.             b. β-adrenergic receptor.

c. insulin receptor.                   d. acetylcholine receptor.

#Question id: 1126

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true of the α subunit of a G protein?

a. It physically associates with the receptor.              

b. It binds GDP.

c. It binds GTP.                     

d. It is a transmembrane protein.

#Question id: 1127

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following steps does not occur after acetylcholine binds to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in heart muscle cells?