If the foods preferred by each species are found on different parts of the island, and if the flies mate and lay eggs on their food sources, regardless of the location of the food sources, then the speciation events involving these fly species may have been driven, at least in part, by which of the following?

#Question id: 11187

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The membrane's permeability to sodium ions is greatest at label ________.

#Question id: 11188

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

The minimum graded depolarization needed to operate the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels is indicated by the label ________.

#Question id: 11189

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Refer to the following graph of an action potential to answer the question.

At label ________, the cell is not hyperpolarized; however, repolarization is in progress, as the sodium channels are inactivated or becoming inactivated, and many potassium channels have opened.

#Question id: 11190

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

For a neuron with an initial membrane potential at -70 mV, an increase in the movement of potassium ions out of that neuron's cytoplasm would result in the ________.

#Question id: 11191

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Opening all of the sodium channels on an otherwise typical neuron, with all other ion channels closed (which is an admittedly artificial setting), should move its membrane potential to ________.

#Question id: 11192

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A graded hyperpolarization of a membrane can be induced by ________.