Following statements regarding to noncanonical wnt pathways.

A. The planar cell polarity, or PCP, pathway functions to regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell shape, and often results in bipolar protrusive behaviors necessary for a cell to migrate.

B. Wnts (such as Wnt5a and Wnt11) can activate Disheveled by binding to a different receptor (Frizzled paired with Ror instead of Lrp5), and this Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled in a way that allows it to interact with Rho GTPases.

C. Wnt/PCP signaling through cytoskeleton control can direct cells to divide in the different plane ( forming upper and lower tissue compartments) and to move within that different plane.

D. the Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and this released calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to activates a phospholipase (PLC) whose enzyme activities release a compound that in turn releases calcium ions from the cytosol.

Which of the following is incorrect?

#Question id: 10973

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

An 11-year-old premenstrual female presents with a painful knee after mild trauma. Upon further evaluation you observe soft tissue bruises. The child is an orphan and there is no family history. The foster mother reports no other problems. The aPTT is prolonged and the PT is normal. A complete hematologic workup would yield

#Question id: 10974

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 63-year-old woman returned to work following a vacation in New Zealand. Several days after returning home, she awoke with swelling and pain in her right leg and her leg was blue. She went immediately to the emergency room where an examination showed an extensive deep vein thrombosis involving the femoral and iliac veins on the right side. Following resolution of the clot, this patient will require which treatment in the future?

#Question id: 10975

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A teenaged boy with numerous nosebleeds was referred to a physician for evaluation prior to a minor surgery. His prothrombin time (PT) was 11 sec (11–15 sec normal), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was 58 sec (25–40 sec normal), and bleeding time was 6.5 min (2–7 min normal). Which of the following is most likely abnormal in this young man?

#Question id: 10976

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In a resting adult, the typical ventricular ejection fraction has what value?

#Question id: 10977

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 60-year-old man’s EKG shows that he has an R-R interval of 0.55 sec. Which of the following best explains his condition?

#Question id: 10978

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following events occurs at the end of the period of ventricular ejection?