Following statements regarding to noncanonical wnt pathways.

A. The planar cell polarity, or PCP, pathway functions to regulate the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton, thus influencing cell shape, and often results in bipolar protrusive behaviors necessary for a cell to migrate.

B. Wnts (such as Wnt5a and Wnt11) can activate Disheveled by binding to a different receptor (Frizzled paired with Ror instead of Lrp5), and this Ror receptor complex phosphorylates Disheveled in a way that allows it to interact with Rho GTPases.

C. Wnt/PCP signaling through cytoskeleton control can direct cells to divide in the different plane ( forming upper and lower tissue compartments) and to move within that different plane.

D. the Wnt/calcium pathway leads to the release of calcium stored within cells, and this released calcium acts as an important secondary messenger to activates a phospholipase (PLC) whose enzyme activities release a compound that in turn releases calcium ions from the cytosol.

Which of the following is incorrect?

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#Question id: 12246

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The graphs below show that the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and mean global temperature is

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12247

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following is NOT a hypothesis explaining the advantage of group living? 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12248

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The graphs below show the survivorship and fecundity curves for two congeneric species, X and  Y, that are found in different habitats. Of the two species, Y is more likely to

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12249

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species mimics a harmful or toxic model species. Increasing the relative abundance of the mimic will:

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12250

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Two islands, P and Q, are similar in habitat and other features. They are 100 and 200 km2 in size respectively, but have the same number of species. Which of the following statements can independently explain this observation?

(i)    P is closer to the mainland than Q

(ii)   P is further away from the mainland than Q

(iii)  P has higher speciation rates than Q

(iv) P has lower speciation rates than Q

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12251

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

A plant produces flowers that are open through the day and the night. An experimenter places pollen on the stigmas of freshly opened flowers and covers them after pollination to prevent natural pollinators from having access to the flowers. When experimental pollination was carried out during the day, 40% of the flowers yielded fruit. When experimental pollination was carried out during the night, 80% of the flowers yielded fruit. However, when flowers were  kept  open  to  natural  pollination  during  the  day  (covered  at  night),  35%  of  flowers  produced  fruit.  20%  of flowers exposed to natural pollination during the night (covered during the day) produced fruit. Which of the following statements is NOT a plausible explanation of these results ?