Following statements are regarding to enzymatic processing of benzo(a)pyrene to a more potent mutagen and carcinogen.

A. Liver enzymes, particularly P-450 enzymes, modify benzo(a)pyrene in a series of reactions, producing 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, a highly potent mutagenic species that reacts with DNA primarily at the N2 atom of a guanine base.

B. The adduct, (+)-trans-anti-B(a)P-N2-dG, causes polymerase to insert an A rather than a C opposite the modified G base. Next time the DNA is replicated, a T will be inserted opposite the A, and the mutation will be complete.

C. Potent mutagen majorly causes conversion of guanine (G) to thymine (T) bases, a transition mutation.

D. When this potent mutagen applied to cultured bronchial epithelial cells, activated benzo(a)pyrene induces many mutations, including activating mutations at codons 175, 248, and 273 of the p53 gene.

Which of the following statements are correct?

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#Question id: 7755

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

which type of complex is required for movement of ATG9 from the phagophore assembly site to the peripheral site, where it obtains fresh membrane?

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#Question id: 7756

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Which of the following is serves to regulate the ATG9 membrane shuttle system?

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#Question id: 7757

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The TOR (target of rapamycin) kinase complex acts as a

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#Question id: 7758

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Chlorophyll is tightly bound in complexes with proteins. During senescence these chlorophyll–protein complexes must be dismantled to allow the apoproteins to be recycled by___

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#Question id: 7759

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

WRKY plant-specific group of transcription factors that play important role in many plant metabolic and developmental processes such as;

a) It contain a 30 amino acid region named for the conserved amino acid sequence WRKYGQK in its N-terminal domain

b) It is an important regulators of plant–pathogen interactions as well as senescence

c) WRKY53 is involved in the regulation of dark-induced leaf senescence

d) In Arabidopsis, leaf senescence is delayed in knockout mutants of the WRKY53 gene

e) WRKY53 also binds to the promoter of the WRKY53 gene, inhibiting its own expression in a negative feedback loop

Which of the following given prediction about WRKY transcription factor is correct?

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#Question id: 7760

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In general, the hormones that regulate senescence can be divided into two basic categories based on their most commonly observed effects:

I) positive (promoting) senescence regulators and

II) negative (repressing) senescence regulators

a) Hormones involved-Ethylene, Abscisic acid (ABA)

b) Hormones involved-Brassinosteroids (BRs), Salicylic acid (SA), Jasmonic acid (JA)

c) Hormones involved-Cytokinin, Auxin, Gibberellin (GAs)

Select correct combinations from given hormones which are involved in regulators?