first visible sign of limb development is the___

#Question id: 1158

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are GPCRs that slow the rate of heart muscle contraction upon ligand binding/activation. Activation of this receptor leads to opening of potassium channels triggered by decreases in cAMP levels. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor likely couples to:

#Question id: 1159

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Cholera toxin can make you sick through overactivation of a Gs pathway even if your body stops making the ligand associated with activation of the pathway. Knowing this, which of the following CANNOT be true about cholera toxin?

#Question id: 1160

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Signal amplification is an important part of GPCR-mediated signaling. Which of the following steps do NOT directly amplify the signal?

#Question id: 1161

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A mutation renders a Gαq subunit constitutively active (also known as dominant active). Which of the following effects might you observe in a cell with this mutation?

#Question id: 1162

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Diacylglycerol (DAG) formation aids in cell signaling by:

#Question id: 1163

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

β-blockers inhibit an adrenergic receptor found on many cell types in the body, including heart cells. Patients who have arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) most likely benefit from what downstream action of these drugs?