The differentiated cells divide but maintain their differentiated functions. The new cells do not come from stem cells, nor do they come from the dedifferentiation of the adult cells. Each cell produces cells similar to itself; no mass of undifferentiated tissue forms. This type of regeneration is:

#Question id: 1964

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A bacterium entering the body through a small cut in the skin will do which of the following?

#Question id: 1965

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In some insects, such as Drosophila, fungal cell wall elements can activate the protein Toll. What is Tollʹs function?

#Question id: 1966

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Mammals have Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that act in a manner similar to those of insects. While not specific to a particular pathogen, a TLR can recognize a kind of macromolecule that is absent from vertebrates but present in/on certain groups of pathogens. Which of the following is most likely to be recognized by a particular TLR that defends against some viruses?

#Question id: 1967

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following is the most likely reason that ancient peoples sought to identify inflammation?

#Question id: 1968

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, can be life threatening. What causes septic shock?

#Question id: 1969

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A bacterium has elements on its surface that are resistant to lysozyme. If an individual is infected with this bacterium, what is a probable consequence?