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#Question id: 7246


Treatment of Xenopus embryos with lithium dorsalizes the embryos by interfering with cell-cell signaling pathways. What, if anything, is the effect of lithium on hydra, and what might we infer about its mechanism of action?

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
  1. Lithium has no effect in hydra
  2. Lithium dorsalizes hydra just as it does Xenopus, so we would assume its mechanism of action is identical in the two organisms
  3. Lithium causes the formation of extra basal discs, which we might infer arise through interference with cell-cell signaling pathways
  4. Lithium causes the formation of extra head regions, since the head of hydra is mechanistically analogous to the dorsal side of Xenopus embryos