Two major sources of mutation are radiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The reactive oxygen species hypothesis for aging postulates that 

1) Senescence results from the accumulation of DNA, lipid, and protein damage inflicted by ROS of mitochondrial origin; and

2) Mitochondria of long-lived species should produce high ROS than do mitochondria of short-lived species.

3) the capacity of mitochondria to consume ROS might distinguish long-lived species from short-lived species, rather than differences in ROS generation. 

#Question id: 4795

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

 There is Gene A is normal growth while mutant allele a was shown to small size. A allele dominant over a allele.

#Question id: 4796

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Trait is encoded by  genes that are expressed in only one sex . In domestic chickens, display a feather pattern in male and female

Genotype                        Male phenotype           Female phenotype

HH                             hen feathering                      hen feathering

Hh                         hen feathering                            hen feathering

hh             cock feathering (plumage pattern )         hen feathering

If cross between Hh and Hh. what is probability of their progeny with cock feathering

#Question id: 4797

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

Non allelic genotype aa governing white phenotype with recessive epistatic over non allelic gene B for red phenotype Which of the following cross would produce 25 % white phenotype in their offspring? 

#Question id: 4798

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

In goats, a beard is produced by an autosomal allele that is dominant in males and recessive in females. We’ll use the symbol Bb for the beard allele and B for the beardless allele. Another independently assorting autosomal allele that produces a black coat (W) is dominant over the allele for white coat (w). A cross allowed between BBbWw (male) X BBbWw (female). What is proportional of female progeny will beard with black coat?

#Question id: 4799

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You set up a mapping cross involving your favorite gene (YFG) in Neurospora and determine the following octad types: 4:4 arrangement 83; 2:4:2 arrangement 7; 2:2:2:2 arrangement 10. What is the distance between your gene and the centromere?

#Question id: 4800

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You set up a mapping cross involving two genes of interest in Saccharomyces and determine the following tetrad types: 8 nonparentalditype; 12 tetratype; 80 parental ditype. Calculate the most accurate map distance between these two genes.