Q. Consider the following statements regarding the principles and applications of industrial fermentation technologies for enzyme production:

P. Submerged Fermentation (SmF) is currently the primary commercial method for cultivating both bacteria and filamentous fungi, relying on large stirred-tank bioreactors that can exceed 100 m³ in volume.

Q. In Solid-State Fermentation (SSF), the substrates and nutrients must be completely dissolved in a free-flowing liquid broth to closely mimic the natural ecological niche of filamentous fungi.

R. Industrial enzymes produced via these fermentation methods function as biological catalysts by operating under high temperature and extreme pressure conditions to maximize the rate of chemical reactions.

S. SSF processes frequently utilize moist, solid agro-residues such as wheat bran or molasses, operating with low free water availability which is particularly common for the production of fungal enzymes.

Which of the above statements are strictly correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20538

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

Aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene collectively referred as BTEX compounds. Which of them is considered as carcinogenic?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20539

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

Aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene collectively referred as BTEX compounds. Which of them are not considered as carcinogenic?

1. Benzene

2. Toluene

3. Ethylbenzene

4. Xylene

Which of them is a correct option?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20540

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

Toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene must be kept to ________levels in drinking and recreational waters due to their toxicity

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20541

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

Why do bacteria oxidize BTEXs and other organic pollutants?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20542

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

In the process of bioremediation electrons or reducing equivalents from susceptible contaminants are transferred to which type of electron acceptor

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 20711

#Unit 13. Advances in Biotechnology

During the electron transfer process, usable energy is recovered via a series of redox reactions through the formation of 

1. Energy storage compounds 

2. Electrochemical gradients

3. Vacoules

Which of the below combinations are correct?