C₄ cycle has been associated with a particular leaf structure, called Kranz anatomy, typical Kranz anatomy exhibits an inner ring of bundle sheath cells around vascular tissues and an outer layer of mesophyll cells. This particular leaf anatomy generates a diffusion barrier that is

 a.) separates the uptake of atmospheric carbon in mesophyll cells from CO2 assimilation by rubisco in bundle sheath cells

 b.) limits the leakage of CO2 from bundle sheath to mesophyll cells

 c.) diffusion gradients—not only between but also within the cells—guide the shuttling of metabolites between the two compartments that operate the C4 cycle

 d.)  Bundle sheath cells surround the vascular tissue, while an outer ring of mesophyll cells is peripheral to the bundle sheath and adjacent to intercellular spaces and the percolates metabolites are transfer to the whole plant cell by vascular tissue

 Find out the correct statements of Krantz anatomy

#Question id: 11588

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Correct and appropriate signal transduction processes are generally under strong selective pressure and are determined by the properties of the molecules involved, the concentrations of signal and receptor molecules, and the binding affinities between signal and receptor. Therefore, a hormone action is very specific in a species at any one point in time. However, there are examples of very diverse functions of a specific hormone between groups of organisms. For example, thyroxin, which is produced in all vertebrates and many invertebrates, can trigger growth, differentiation, metamorphosis, maturation, reproduction, behavior, temperature tolerance, osmoregulation, or seasonal adaptation depending on the organism in which it is produced. What is the most logical explanation for such different responses triggered by thyroxin in organisms?

#Question id: 11589

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The body's reaction to parathyroid hormone (PTH), raising plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by:

#Question id: 11643

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Rapid changes to skin color in many vertebrates is under the control of ________.

#Question id: 11644

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Seven days after ovulation, pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) decreases rapidly. What is the cause of this decrease in secretion?

#Question id: 11645

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following is inconsistent with the diagnosis of Graves’ disease?

#Question id: 11646

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following statements about antidiuretic hormone is true?