HIRs require prolonged or continuous exposure to light of relatively high irradiance, these HIRs induce phytochrome responses such as

a) Synthesis of flavonoids including anthocyanins

b) Inhibition of hypocotyl elongation in various plants

c) Induction of flowering and Plumular hook opening in lettuce

d) Enlargement of cotyledons in mustard

e) Production of ethylene in sorghum

Which of the following phytochrome responses induce by HIRs is correct?

#Question id: 1203

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

People who suffer from thyroid adenomas have constitutively activated G proteins in some cells of the thyroid gland. Tumor cells not only secrete copious quantities of thyroid hormones but also divide and grow excessively. Based on these observations, in what kind(s) of signal transduction pathways do the mutant G proteins participate?

#Question id: 1204

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

What factors are responsible for the specificity of G protein-coupled responses?

#Question id: 1205

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Acetylcholine on a smooth muscle cell is to phospholipase C as epinephrine on a liver cell is to    ?    .

#Question id: 1206

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Serine and threonine are to ........  as tyrosine is to receptor tyrosine kinases.

#Question id: 1207

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Ryanodine and IP3 receptors are found on .......... membranes, whereas epinephrine and glucagon receptors are found on    ........... membranes.

#Question id: 1208

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Depending on the cell, increases in intracellular Ca2+ can do all of the following except: