When sufficient heat is applied, double-stranded DNA denatures into two single-stranded molecules as the heat breaks all of the hydrogen bonds. In an experiment, molecules of single-stranded DNA from species X are separately hybridized with putatively homologous single-stranded DNA molecules from five species (A-E). The hybridized DNAs are then heated, and the temperature at which complete denaturation occurs is recorded. Based on the data below, which species is probably most closely related to species X?

#Question id: 11023

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A male patient had a myocardial infarction at age 55. He is now 63 years old. Standard limb lead I is shown here.

What is his current diagnosis?

#Question id: 11024

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A 55-year-old man has been diagnosed with Stokes-Adams syndrome. Two minutes after the syndrome starts to cause active blockade of the cardiac impulse, which of the following is the pacemaker of the heart?

#Question id: 11025

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Listed below are the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures within a microcirculatory bed:

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg

Capillary hydrostatic pressure = 25 mm Hg

Venous hydrostatic pressure = 5 mm Hg

Arterial pressure = 80 mm Hg

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure = −5 mm Hg

Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure = 10 mm Hg

Capillary filtration coefficient = 10 ml/min/mm Hg

What is the rate of net fluid movement across the capillary wall?

#Question id: 11026

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Listed below are the hydrostatic and oncotic pressures and filtration rate across a muscle capillary wall:

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pc) = 25 mm Hg

Plasma colloid osmotic pressure (Πp) = 25 mm Hg

Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (ΠI) = 10 mm Hg

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure (PI) = −5 mm Hg

Capillary filtration rate = 150 ml/min

What is the capillary filtration coefficient?

#Question id: 11027

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals?

#Question id: 11028

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

A patient with a heart rate of 70 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat will have a cardiac output of ________.